实(shi)验(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室的(de)(de)通风(feng)与舒适性(xing)空(kong)调系统的(de)(de)通风(feng)设计(ji)要(yao)求不同，实(shi)验(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室通风(feng)主要(yao)目(mu)的(de)(de)是提供(gong)安(an)全、舒适的(de)(de)实(shi)验(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)环(huan)境，减(jian)少实(shi)验(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)人(ren)员暴露在有(you)害空(kong)气环(huan)境中。解决实(shi)验(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)环(huan)境对实(shi)验(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)人(ren)员的(de)(de)身体健康和劳(lao)动保(bao)护。

通(tong)(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)系(xi)统由通(tong)(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)设(she)备、通(tong)(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)管道和通(tong)(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)末端、及通(tong)(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)控制系(xi)统组成。

通风(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)统划分为排(pai)风(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)统(局部排(pai)风(feng)(feng)(feng)和全(quan)面排(pai)风(feng)(feng)(feng))送风(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)统(对排(pai)风(feng)(feng)(feng)引起的负压进行的补(bu)风(feng)(feng)(feng))

通风系统设备：通风柜(ju)(ju)、原子吸收罩(zhao)(zhao)、万向排(pai)烟(yan)罩(zhao)(zhao)、试剂(ji)柜(ju)(ju)等(deng)。

通风系统的实验室：理化实验室、精密仪器室、试剂(ji)室、贮样室、气瓶室、

通(tong)(tong)(tong)风(feng)系(xi)(xi)统的(de)作(zuo)用：实验工(gong)作(zuo)和(he)实验试剂会产生大量的(de)有害气(qi)体，因此需要(yao)设(she)置通(tong)(tong)(tong)风(feng)系(xi)(xi)统。根据现代(dai)化(hua)实验室对(dui)通(tong)(tong)(tong)风(feng)系(xi)(xi)统的(de)要(yao)求，设(she)计周全和(he)科学的(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)风(feng)系(xi)(xi)统工(gong)程，更(geng)保障了实验室安全，为工(gong)作(zuo)者提供(gong)更(geng)安全舒适的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)环境(jing)。

· 通风柜(ju)捕获与集(ji)尘能力(li)，实(shi)现通风柜(ju)面(mian)风速恒定(ding)在0.5m/s，达(da)到国际标(biao)准(zhun)。

· 实验室压(ya)差(cha)控制，实施与(yu)相邻房间的负压(ya)，参考(kao)值(-5~10Pa)。

· 控制风机(ji)频率，达(da)到(dao)节能效应。

· 温湿(shi)度(du)(du)准确控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)范(fan)围：±1.5℃，湿(shi)度(du)(du)为60%，±5%的变(bian)化(hua)范(fan)围。

· 远程控制，将(jiang)实(shi)验室控制系(xi)统(tong)与大楼紧密衔接起(qi)来。

· 废气净化处理。

【实验(yan)室(shi)通风(feng)设计(ji)方案(an)】

(1)实(shi)验(yan)室根据(ju)工(gong)艺要求(qiu)和功能布置选择一(yi)定数(shu)(shu)(shu)量的(de)(de)通(tong)风(feng)(feng)柜(ju)，有的(de)(de)还兼有部分局部排(pai)风(feng)(feng)罩。通(tong)常校(xiao)核下来(lai)换(huan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)数(shu)(shu)(shu)远远大于10次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，一(yi)般在20-30次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以上，满足换(huan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)数(shu)(shu)(shu)要求(qiu)。但是此(ci)换(huan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)数(shu)(shu)(shu)是按照通(tong)风(feng)(feng)柜(ju)很大开(kai)(kai)启面积计(ji)算的(de)(de)通(tong)风(feng)(feng)量，资料和经验(yan)表(biao)明(ming)100台通(tong)风(feng)(feng)柜(ju)99%的(de)(de)时(shi)间只有18个或更(geng)少(shao)的(de)(de)人在使用。故还应校(xiao)核通(tong)风(feng)(feng)柜(ju)很小开(kai)(kai)启面积时(shi)的(de)(de)通(tong)风(feng)(feng)量和换(huan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)数(shu)(shu)(shu)，若小于换(huan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)数(shu)(shu)(shu)要求(qiu)，则(ze)增加综合(he)排(pai)风(feng)(feng)系统。

(2)实验室(shi)(shi)通(tong)风采用(yong)全新风系(xi)统，通(tong)风柜的(de)排气(qi)不在室(shi)(shi)内循(xun)环。由于实验室(shi)(shi)要求(qiu)房(fang)(fang)间(jian)相对其(qi)他(ta)辅助区域为(wei)负(fu)压。所以(yi)实验室(shi)(shi)的(de)新风量设计为(wei)排风量的(de)70﹪-80﹪。另(ling)外20﹪-30﹪的(de)新风送至(zhi)实验室(shi)(shi)辅助房(fang)(fang)间(jian)、办公(gong)、管理用(yong)房(fang)(fang)、内走道等，再由门窗缝隙补充到房(fang)(fang)间(jian)。

(3)通风(feng)(feng)柜的风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)衡可以采用(yong)定(ding)(ding)风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制系(xi)统，即排(pai)风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)恒定(ding)(ding)，送(song)风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和门窗缝(feng)隙补充风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)恒定(ding)(ding)。此(ci)方法适用(yong)于(yu)很(hen)大排(pai)风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)满足(zu)很(hen)小换气次数要求的实验室。

(4)对(dui)于排风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)远(yuan)大于很(hen)小通风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)求的房间还可以采用(yong)(yong)两段式通风(feng)(feng)控(kong)制系(xi)统(tong)(tong)保证(zheng)风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)平衡，即根据通风(feng)(feng)柜的位移信号，排风(feng)(feng)机、送风(feng)(feng)机有(you)2种送风(feng)(feng)工(gong)况，低风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)工(gong)况应用(yong)(yong)于维持很(hen)小换气(qi)次数的要(yao)求，节(jie)约能耗(hao)。此情形药(yao)检所采用(yong)(yong)了(le)变(bian)风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制系(xi)统(tong)(tong)。通风(feng)(feng)柜风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)变(bian)化时，排风(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)也(ye)会相对(dui)变(bian)小。

此时(shi)要求放置(zhi)在屋顶的(de)排(pai)风(feng)机(ji)随着通(tong)风(feng)柜柜门(men)的(de)位置(zhi)变(bian)化(hua)而变(bian)频，降(jiang)低(di)风(feng)量，保证通(tong)风(feng)柜面风(feng)速恒定。同时(shi)自(zi)控系(xi)(xi)统改变(bian)全新风(feng)风(feng)机(ji)的(de)频率，降(jiang)低(di)风(feng)量，维持负(fu)压平衡。变(bian)风(feng)量系(xi)(xi)统可以降(jiang)低(di)系(xi)(xi)统能耗。系(xi)(xi)统很(hen)大(da)、很(hen)小换气次数接(jie)近则考虑采用(yong)定风(feng)量系(xi)(xi)统，使(shi)得系(xi)(xi)统简单，降(jiang)低(di)初(chu)投资。

通(tong)风(feng)(feng)系统(tong)除上文所述对(dui)通(tong)风(feng)(feng)柜(ju)有特殊(shu)要求(qiu)外，对(dui)其他设(she)备(bei)和控(kong)制系统(tong)也有一定的要求(qiu)和标(biao)准。通(tong)风(feng)(feng)柜(ju)的选择(ze)除满足排风(feng)(feng)和捕捉能力外，还要注意需要根据调(diao)节门(men)移动而立(li)即改变风(feng)(feng)量，维持表面风(feng)(feng)速(su)的恒定。

易帕柯建(jian)议(yi)系统风(feng)量的(de)测(ce)(ce)定和(he)控制以柜(ju)(ju)门(men)位移为信号而不(bu)是测(ce)(ce)定表面(mian)风(feng)速来测(ce)(ce)定。实验室(shi)压力控制和(he)很小通(tong)风(feng)量的(de)控制除(chu)了设备选型(xing)因素(su)以外，通(tong)风(feng)系统设计和(he)控制系统是关(guan)键因素(su)，要保(bao)证系统的(de)反应时间要足(zu)够短(<1秒(miao))，通(tong)风(feng)系统不(bu)平衡(heng)会导致通(tong)风(feng)柜(ju)(ju)排风(feng)和(he)捕捉能力散失，气(qi)流流出实验室(shi)，建(jian)筑(zhu)物内压力不(bu)稳定。

实(shi)验室通风系统划分为：

排风系统 ( 局(ju)部排风和全面(mian)排风)

送风系(xi)统 ( 对排风引(yin)起(qi)的负压(ya)进行的一种补偻(lou))

通风(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)：实验(yan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)和实验(yan)试剂会产(chan)生大量(liang)的(de)有害气体，因此需要设置通风(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)。根据(ju)现代化实验(yan)室对通风(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)的(de)要求(qiu)，设计周(zhou)全和科学的(de)通风(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)工(gong)(gong)程，更(geng)(geng)保障(zhang)了实验(yan)室安(an)全，为工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)者(zhe)提(ti)供更(geng)(geng)安(an)全舒(shu)适的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)环境。

实验室通(tong)风系统设(she)备有：通(tong)风柜(ju)、原(yuan)子吸收罩(zhao)(zhao)、万向排烟罩(zhao)(zhao)、试剂柜(ju)等。

需(xu)要设置通风系统的实验室(shi)(shi)(shi)有：理化实验室(shi)(shi)(shi)、精密仪器室(shi)(shi)(shi)、试(shi)剂(ji)室(shi)(shi)(shi)、贮(zhu)样(yang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)、气(qi)瓶(ping)室(shi)(shi)(shi)、电气(qi)控制室(shi)(shi)(shi)、洗涤室(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。